Tangut Script

Tangut Reference Pages

• Radical Index to Xia-Han Zidian 《夏漢字典》檢字索引 : Electronic version of the Radical Index to Li Fanwen's Tangut Dictionary (1997 edition) [PDF version]
• English Language Index to Xia-Han Zidian 《夏漢字典》英文檢字索引 : Index to English definitions in Li Fanwen's Tangut Dictionary (2008 edition)
• English definitions in Xia-Han Zidian : Sequential list of English definitions in Li Fanwen's Tangut Dictionary (2008 edition)
• Radical Index to Wenhai Yanjiu 《文海研究》檢字索引 : Electronic version of the Radical Index to the 1983 Study of the Sea of Writing
• Electronic version of the Sea of Writing 《文海》電子版 (skeleton)
• Tangut Manuscripts with Tibetan Phonetic Glosses
• Tangut Radicals : Listing of Tangut radicals used in various reference books
• Documents for the Encoding of Tangut, Jurchen and Khitan
• Preface to Documents from the Black River City held in Russia by Prof. E. I. Kychanov
• Cursive Tangut 西夏文草书
• Examples of Tangut Cursive Characters
• Examples of Tangut huaya 花押
• Listing of characters in Nevsky 1960 (PDF only)
• Index of characters in Nevsky 1960 according to Li Fanwen 2008 numbers (PDF only)
• A Web of Tangut Catalogues (see "Tangut Catalogues" below)
• Ideographic Description Sequences (IDS) for Unicode Tangut characters
• Golden Guide, being a summary of the Tangut lexical verse Grains of Gold Placed in the Palm, with partial translation by Marc Miyake
• Question asked by the Dragon King of the Sea (parallel Tangut and Chinese text of the Sāgara-nāgarāja-paripṛcchā T599)
• Guide to Unicode 13.0 Tangut Disunifications
• Auction Lists for Tangut Items (documenting all known auctions of Tangut documents)
• Daily calendar for the Western Xia (1032–1228) : XixiaCalendar_xlsx.zip or XixiaCalendar_txt.zip
• View any Unicode Tangut text using the Tangut Yinchuan font

Tangut Text Lookup Tools

These tools allow you to find a particular Tangut character or entry in a photographic image of a page of the text.

• Tongyin Lookup Tool : look up characters in five editions of the Tongyin 同音 "Homophones" by Li Fanwen number (e.g. lfw=2628) or Tongyin-A or Tongyin-B reference (e.g. tya=27B34 or tyb=28A51)
• Wenhai Lookup Tool : look up characters in the Wenhai 文海 "Sea of Writing" by Li Fanwen number (e.g. lfw=2628) or by Level Tone volume reference (e.g. wh=L92.241 or Mixed Category volume reference wh=M19.222)

Tangut Conversion Tools

These tools allow you to convert Tangut text in legacy CJK-mapped encoding to Unicode Tangut.

• XXZT Conversion Tool : Convert Tangut text using the XXZT (西夏字体) font to Unicode Tangut.
• Mojikyo Conversion Tool : Convert Tangut text using the Mojikyo system to Unicode Tangut.

Tangut Catalogues

Outlines of Tangut Catalogues

• Outline of the catalogue of Tangut texts at the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies [now the IOM] (1963), compiled by Z. I. Gorbachëva and E. I. Kychanov — with links to the outline of Kychanov's 1999 catalogue
• Contents of the Tangut Tripitaka (1971), compiled by Eric Grinstead — with links to the outline of Kychanov's 1999 catalogue
• Catalogue of Tangut translations of Buddhist texts (1977), compiled by Nishida Tatsuo — with links to the outlines of the 1963 and 1999 catalogues
• Outline of the catalogue of Tangut Buddhist texts at the Saint Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies [now the IOM] (1999), compiled by E. I. Kychanov, with an introductory essay by Nishida Tatsuo, and prepared for publication by Arakawa Shintarō — with links to the outline of the 1963 catalogue and Nishida's catalogue, as well as links to digitized texts on the IDP and EAP websites where available

Indexes to Kychanov's 1999 Catalogue

• Index of Chinese titles (Pinyin order)
• Index of Chinese titles (Palladius order)
• Index of Tangut titles
• Index of Sanskrit titles
• Index of Tibetan titles
• Index of inventory numbers
• Index of pressmarks
• List of images

General IOM Indexes

• Index of Tangut Pressmarks in the IOM — with links to the outlines of the 1963 and 1999 catalogues
• Index of Tangut Inventory Numbers in the IOM — with links to the outlines of the 1963 and 1999 catalogues

General Tangut Indexes

• General Index of Tangut Titles — with links to the outlines of the 1963 and 1999 catalogues, and Nishida's catalogue

Indexes of Online Resources

• Index of digitised Tangut texts in Endangered Archives Project EAP140 — with links to the outline of the 1999 catalogue

Tangut Materials

• Images of texts and objects from the Baisigou Square Pagoda (Baisigou Square Pagoda 拜寺沟方塔 on Wikipedia)
• Pages from the Tangut Tripitaka 西夏文《三藏經》
• Examples of incidental decoration in Tangut woodblock printed texts

Unicode Tangut Fonts

• Tangut Yinchuan (a font covering all Unicode Tangut ideographs and components, based on an original font designed by Prof. Jing Yongshi)
• Babelstone Tangut Wenhai (an incomplete calligraphic style font covering about half of the Unicode Tangut repertoire)

Tangut Books

• Gerard Clauson's Skeleton Tangut (Hsi Hsia) Dictionary. With an Introduction by Imre Galambos. With Editorial notes and an Index by Andrew West. Prepared for publication by Michael Everson. Portlaoise: Evertype, 2016. ISBN 978-1-78201-167-5

Tangut Twitter Posts

• Tangut tweets from BabelStone
• Sea of Tangut Characters (archive of an abandoned project)

Unicode Proposals and Other Documents

These are documents relating to the encoding of Tangut script in the Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 standards that were authored or co-authored by myself. For all documents related to Tangut encoding submitted by all parties see WG2 Documents relating to Tangut.

• WG2 N3495: Proposal to encode Tangut Radicals and CJK Strokes in the UCS (Michael Everson and Andrew West) [2008-09-01]
• WG2 N3498: Expert Feedback on the proposed Tangut character set in PDAM 6.2 (Michael Everson and Andrew West) [2008-09-24]
• WG2 N3577: Proposal for a revised Tangut character set for encoding in the SMP of the UCS {Appendix A} {Appendix B: } (Michael Everson, Nathan Hill, Guillaume Jacques, Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev) [2009-03-01]
• WG2 N4083: Tangut chart to supplement N4033 "Report on Tangut Encoding" (Michael Everson and Andrew West) [2011-05-26]
• WG2 N4325: Proposal to encode the Tangut script in the UCS (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev, Michael Everson) [2012-10-02]
• WG2 N4326: Proposal to encode Tangut radicals in the UCS (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev, Michael Everson) [2012-10-02]
• WG2 N4327: Code chart for Tangut ideographs and Tangut radicals (Michael Everson and Andrew West) [2012-10-02]
• WG2 N4522: Proposal to encode the Tangut script in the UCS (Andrew West, Michael Everson, Han Xiaomang, Jia Changye, Jing Yongshi, Viacheslav Zaytsev) [2014-01-21]
• WG2 N4525: Code chart for the Tangut script (Andrew West, Michael Everson, Han Xiaomang, Jia Changye, Jing Yongshi, Viacheslav Zaytsev) [2014-01-21]
• WG2 N4588R2: Tangut glyph corrections (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev, Sun Bojun, Michael Everson [2014-10-01]
• WG2 N4636: Proposal to encode Tangut radicals in the UCS (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev, Sun Bojun, Michael Everson) [2014-09-30]
• WG2 N4650: Discussion of Tangut character L2008-4148 (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev, Michael Everson) [2014-12-01]
• WG2 N4667: Review of Tangut repertoire in DAM ballot (Andrew West, Michael Everson, Viacheslav Zaytsev) [2015-07-16]
• WG2 N4722: Preliminary proposal to define 357 variation sequences for Tangut ideographs (Andrew West) [2016-04-21]
• WG2 N4723: Glyph Corrections for 3 Tangut ideographs (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev, Sun Bojun) [2016-04-21]
• WG2 N4724: Proposal to encode five additional Tangut ideographs (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev, Sun Bojun) [2016-04-21]
• WG2 N4850: Glyph Corrections for 31 Tangut ideographs and one Tangut component (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev) [2017-09-07]
• WG2 N4851: Proposal to encode six additional Tangut ideographs (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev) [2017-09-07]
• WG2 N4896: Tangut Character Additions and Glyph Corrections (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev, Sun Bojun, and Jerry You) [2017-09-22]
• WG2 N4957: Proposal to encode seven additional Tangut components (Andrew West) [2018-06-01]
• WG2 N5031: Investigation of Tangut unification issues (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev) [2019-02-10]
• WG2 N5064: Proposal to encode nine Tangut ideographs and six Tangut components (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev, Jia Changye, Jing Yongshi, Sun Bojun) [2019-05-27]
• WG2 N5126: Additional Tangut Glyph Corrections (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev) [2019-12-21]
• WG2 N5134: Tangut Glyph Modifications and Corrections (Andrew West, Viacheslav Zaytsev) [2020-07-07]
• WG2 N5206: Glyph Corrections for Eight Tangut Ideographs (Andrew West) [2023-03-01]
• WG2 N5217: Proposal to encode 2 Tangut components and 29 Tangut ideographs (Andrew West) [2023-05-31]
• WG2 N5217R2: Proposal to encode 2 Tangut components and 28 Tangut ideographs (revised) (Andrew West) [2023-10-02]
• WG2 N5218: Proposal to encode 114 Tangut components (Andrew West) [2023-05-31]
• WG2 N5218R2: Proposal to encode 114 Tangut components (revised) (Andrew West) [2023-10-02]
• WG2 N5218R3: Proposal to encode 113 Tangut components (revised) (Andrew West) [2024-01-29]
• WG2 N5276: Review of Proposal to encode 114 Tangut components (Andrew West) [2024-02-21]
• WG2 N5237: Glyph corrections for four Tangut ideographs (Andrew West) [2023-06-21]
• WG2 N5276: Review of Proposal to encode 114 Tangut components (Andrew West) [2024-01-29]
• WG2 N5303: Proposal to encode one Tangut ideograph (Andrew West and Viacheslav Zaytsev) [2025-03-28]
• WG2 N5305: Glyph changes for 18 Tangut ideographs and 1 Tangut Component (Andrew West and Viacheslav Zaytsev) [2025-04-18]
• WG2 N5314: Proposal to encode one newly-identified Tangut ideograph (Andrew West) [2025-05-26]

Tangut Blog Posts

The following posts in my BabelStone blog relate to the Tangut script:

• Mani Stones in Mani Scripts [2006-11-05]
• Zhida Tongbao [2007-01-10]
• Tangut Coins [2007-01-29]
• Tangut Chess [2008-07-24]
• How Complex is Tangut ? [2009-08-28]
• Untangling the Web of Characters [2010-04-27]
• Prototyping Tangut IMEs, or Why Windows 7 Sucks [2010-05-24]
• The Myth of the Tangut Ritual Language [2011-08-29]
• Diligently Carved in Tangut [2011-10-29]
• Tangut in Tibetan [2011-12-22]
• One to Ten in Tangut and Flute [2012-12-27]
• Today's Date in Old Mandarin, Middle Mongolian, Manchu, Jurchen, Khitan, Khitan and Tangut [2013-03-24]
• A Fragment of Tangut Geography [2013-04-10]
• Two Tangut Families Part 1 : Laosuo [2015-01-11]
• Two Tangut Families Part 2 : Xiaoli Qianbu [2015-01-29]
• Hundred Dharmas of Mahayana [2015-04-21]
• A Web of Tangut Catalogues [2015-04-27]
• Grains of Gold [2015-05-30]
• Ode to the Tangut Tripitaka : Part 1 [2015-07-03]
• Tangut Texts for Sale [2015-08-03]
• Preliminary Analysis of a Newly-Discovered Tangut Wordbook [2015-08-11]
• Rediscovery of a Lost Tangut Manuscript [2018-04-15]
• Tangut Discoveries at the Shanzuigou Caves [2020-07-07]
• Tangut Paizi [2020-11-27]

Diary of a Rambling Antiquarian

The following posts in my BabelStone Diary relate to Western Xia sites and artefacts :

• Bibliothèque nationale de France [24 November 2018]
• Ancient Lotus Pond Revisited [19 September 2017]
• Hongfo Pagoda [30 August 2016]
• Baisikou Twin Pagodas [30 August 2016]
• Western Xia Tombs Revisited [30 August 2016]
• Kharakhoto [25 August 2016]
• Western Xia Tombs [22 August 2016]
• 108 Stupas [19 August 2016]
• Chengtian Pagoda [18 August 2016]
• Ancient Lotus Pond [13 December 2013]
• Cloud Platform at Juyongguan [3 August 2011]

Jurchen | Khitan | Mongolian | Phags-pa | Yi

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