Tangut Manuscripts with Tibetan Phonetic Glosses

British Library Or.12380/1842

IDP : British Library Or.12380/1842

Description

This is a single sheet of a Tangut Buddhist manuscript held at the British Library in London. It has the pressmark Or.12380/1842 (originally K.K.II.0234.k), and was collected by Aurel Stein from Khara-Khoto during his expedition to Central Asia of 1913–1916. It has been studied by Berthold Laufer (Stein1928) and Tai Chung Pui (TCP2008) [amongst others], and is available online at the International Dunhuang Project.

The sheet is in poor condition, with several parts of the text lost. In total there are fifteen surviving lines, each about 25 characters in length, although only a single line is complete with no missing characters. Only the edge of the Tangut text remains on the first line, and only the Tibetan glosses remain on the last line, so there are only 13 lines with both Tangut characters and Tibetan glosses surviving. There are a total of about 207 identifiable Tangut characters with Tibetan phonetic glosses, and a total of about 249 legible or partially legible Tibetan phonetic glosses.

The Tangut text is written in a somewhat cursive hand with some simplifications of strokes, so that some characters are not easy to identify. In contrast the Tibetan phonetic glosses are written in a relatively neat, cursive, headless script, and are generally legible where undamaged. The large gap between each line of Tangut text seems to have been deliberately provided for the Tibetan transcription, and the colour of the ink is the same for the Tangut and Tibetan texts, so it is reasonable to assume that the Tibetan transcription was made at the same time as the Tangut text was written, although the two scripts would have been written by different scribes.

Transcription

Position	TCP2008	Tangut			Tibetan					Note
		Character	LFW2008	Reading	Stein 1928	TCP2008		BabelStone
01:01	170101	□	?							[1]
01:02	170102	□	?
01:03	170103	□	?
01:04	170104	□	?
01:05	170105	□	?
01:06	170106	□	?
01:07	170107	□	?
01:08	170108	□	?
01:09	170109	□	?
01:10	170110	□	?
01:11–24
02:01	170201		L1290	tsew	gtso	g‑tsiv	གཙིའ	gtsi'	གཙིའ
02:02	170202		L3195	gjwi	bgye	b‑gyi	བགྱི	bgyi	བགྱི
02:03	170203		L0508	ŋwu	du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
02:04	170204		L5993	kha	kʽra	khha	ཁྷ	kh+ha	ཁྷ
02:05	170205		L1364	ŋa	dṅa	d‑ngav	དངའ	dnga'	དངའ
02:06	170206		L2698	tsji̱r	rtse	rtse	རྩེ	rtse	རྩེ
02:07	170207		L1278	·jɨ	g‑yi	g‑yi	གཡི	g.yi	གཡི
02:08	170208		L3583	tja	ta	ta	ཏ	ta	ཏ
02:09	170209		L0015	ɣjɨ̣	rgi	rgi	རྒི	rgi	རྒི
02:10	170210		L3830	njij	ne	ne	ནེ	ne	ནེ
02:11	170211		L1364	ŋa	da	ngav	ངའ	nga'	ངའ
02:12	170212					?e	ེ	je'	ཇེའ
02:13–25
03:01	170301					?u	ུ	[?]u	ུ
03:02	170302	□	?		g‑yi	g‑yi	གཡི	g.yi	གཡི
03:03	170303		L3583	tja	ba	ta	ཏ	ta	ཏ
03:04	170304		L1771	sjịj	gse	g‑sev	གསེའ	gse'	གསེའ
03:05	170305		L1364	ŋa	dṅa	d‑ngav	དངའ	dnga'	དངའ
03:06	170306		L3852	dźjij	gdže	g‑jev	གཇེའ	gje'	གཇེའ	[2]
03:07	170307		L1139	·jij	ye	ye	ཡེ	ye	ཡེ
03:08	170308		L1278	·jɨ	g‑yi	g‑yi	གཡི	g.yi	གཡི
03:09	170309		L5354	thjɨ	tʽe	thi	ཐི	thi	ཐི
03:10	170310		L1100	tshja	čʽo	tsha	ཚ	tsha	ཚ
03:11	170311		L1546	ljụ	lu	l?	ལ	lu	ལུ
03:12–25
04:01	170401
04:02	170402	□	?
04:03	170403		L5057	ɣiej	dge	d‑ge	དགེ	dge	དགེ
04:04	170404		L2698	tsji̱r	rtse	rtse	རྩེ	rtse	རྩེ
04:05	170405		L1364	ŋa	dṅa	d‑ngav	དངའ	dnga'	དངའ
04:06	170406		L0508	ŋwu	du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
04:07	170407	□	?			dz?	ཛ	dza	ཛ
04:08	170408				dmi	d‑mi	དམི	dmi	དམི
04:09	170409				?	?o	ོ	[?]o	ོ
04:10	170410	□	?		gsa	g‑??v	ག◌འ	g[?]'	ག◌འ
04:11	170411		L0930	dju	ạdu	v‑duv	འདུའ	'du'	འདུའ
04:12	170412		L1139	·jij	ye	ye	ཡེ	ye	ཡེ
04:13	170413		L0369	thju̱	tʽu	thu	ཐུ	thu	ཐུ
04:14	170414		L5880	ŋwu	du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
04:15	170415		L5215	wjɨ̣	dgu	d‑??	ད◌	d.wa ?	དཝ
04:16	170416		L0290	sju	zu	z?	ཟ	zu	ཟུ
04:17	170417		L1100	tshja	?			tsha	ཚ
04:18	170418		L1546	ljụ	lu	lu	ལུ	lu	ལུ
04:19	170419		L1326	kjɨ	ki	ki	ཀི	ki	ཀི
04:20	170420		L4184	śja
04:21	170421		L3180	zjịj
04:22	170422		L2019	thja
04:23	170423		L5815	tsjɨ
04:24	170424	□	?
04:25
05:01	170501
05:02	170502
05:03	170503		L0508	ŋwu	du			ngu	ངུ
05:04	170504		L2484 ?	nio̱w	gšu	g‑nu	གནུ	gnu	གནུ
05:05	170505		L1245	·jij	gaṅ	g‑ye	གཡེ	g.[?]e	ག​ེ
05:06	170506		L2698	tsji̱r	rtso	rtse	རྩེ	rtse	རྩེ
05:07	170507		L1546	ljụ	du			lu	ལུ
05:08	170508		L0508	ŋwu	če?	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
05:09	170509		L0322	tśhjwo	čʽo	chov	ཆོའ	cho'	ཆོའ
05:10	170510		L4797	·jwɨr	dčʽid	d‑wir	དཝིར	d.wir	དཝིར
05:11	170511		L5993	kha	kʽra	khha	ཁྷ	kh+ha	ཁྷ
05:12	170512		L0638	njij	gše	g‑nev	གནེའ	gne'	གནེའ
05:13	170513		L5057	ɣiej	dgre	d‑ghe	དགྷེ	dgyue ?	དགྱེུ	[3]
05:14	170514		L2753	lhe̱w	sde	lhi	ལྷི	lhi	ལྷི
05:15	170515		L1278	·jɨ	g‑yi	g‑yiv	གཡིའ	g.yi'	གཡིའ	[4]
05:16	170516		L3133	sjij	gse	g‑sev	གསེའ	gse'	གསེའ
05:17	170517		L2736	bia̱	ạbar	v‑bar	འབར	'bar	འབར
05:18	170518		L3691	war	kʽo	wa	ཝ	wa	ཝ
05:19	170519		L0998	dzji̱j	dze	dzev	ཛེའ	dze'	ཛེའ
05:20	170520		L5815	tsjɨ	rtse	tsi	ཙི	tsi	ཙི
05:21	170521		L2019	thja	ža	tha	ཐ	tha	ཐ
05:22	170522		L0290	sju	zu	zu	ཟུ	zu	ཟུ
05:23	170523	□	?		dmi	dmi	དམི	dmi	དམི
05:24–25
06:01–08
06:09	170601	□	?		la	m?	མ	[?]
06:10	170602		L4713	rjur	gdu	g‑ruv	གརུའ	g.ru'	གརུའ
06:11	170603		L2763	ɣu	rmu	rgu	རྒུ	rgu	རྒུ
06:12	170604		L0433	bju	ạbru	v‑bu	འབུ	'bu	འབུ
06:13	170605		L0752	tśja	ba	ca	ཅ	ca	ཅ
06:14	170606		L5771	tshwew	ạtsʽo	b‑tshi	བཚི	btshi	བཚི
06:15	170607		L0535	śjij	že	zhe	ཞེ	zhe	ཞེ
06:16	170608		L3583	tja	ta	ta	ཏ	ta	ཏ
06:17	170609		L5865	sọ	gso	g‑sov	གསོའ	gso'	གསོའ
06:18	170610		L4713	rjur	dru	ru	རུ	ru	རུ
06:19	170611		L4719	kiẹj	dkre	d‑kye	དཀྱེུ	dkyue ?	དཀྱེུ	[5]
06:20	170612		L0724	njɨ	ni	ni	ནི	ni	ནི
06:21	170613		L4027	njɨ̱	gši	g‑ni	གནི	gni	གནི
06:22	170614		L3195	gjwi	bkyi	b‑gyi	བགྱི	bgyi	བགྱི
06:23	170615				du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
06:24					do			[?]i	ི
06:25
07:01	170701		L0467	tsji̱r	rtsa	rc?	རྕ	rtse	རྩེ
07:02	170702		L1546	ljụ	su	lu	ལུ	lu	ལུ
07:03		□	?
07:04		□	?
07:05		□	?
07:06
07:07
07:08
07:09
07:10
07:11		□	?
07:12	170703	□	?		du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
07:13	170704		L5993	kha	kʽra	khha	ཁྷ	kh+ha	ཁྷ
07:14	170705	□	?		šo ?	b‑?ov	བ​ོའ	b[?]o'	བ​ོའ
07:15	170706		L3735	tjị	sde	sti	སྟི	sti	སྟི
07:16	170707		L0433	bju	ạbru	v‑bu	འབུ	'bu	འབུ
07:17	170708		L3469	sjij	gse	g‑sev	གསེའ	gse'	གསེའ
07:18	170709		L0930	dju	ạdu	v‑duv	འདུའ	'du'	འདུའ
07:19	170710		L1918	mji	dmi	d‑mi	དམི	dmi	དམི
07:20	170711		L2180	dźjɨ̱r	gdži	g‑jiv	གཇིའ	gji'	གཇིའ
07:21	170712		L2484	nio̱w	gšu	g‑nu	གནུ	gnu	གནུ
07:22	170713		L1546	ljụ	lu	lu	ལུ	lu	ལུ
07:23	170714				g‑ye	g‑ye	གཡེ	g.ye	གཡེ
07:24	170715				bi	?i	ི	ni	ནི
07:25
08:01	170801	□	?		tʽa	tha	ཐ	tha	ཐ
08:02	170802	□	?		zu	zuv	ཟུའ	zu'	ཟུའ
08:03	170803		L0467	tsji̱r	rtse	rtse	རྩེ	rtse	རྩེ
08:04	170804		L1546	ljụ	lu	luv	ལུའ	lu'	ལུའ
08:05	170805		L3200	tśhjiw	čʽe	chiv	ཆིའ	chi'	ཆིའ
08:06	170806		L5865	sọ	gso	g‑sov	གསོའ	gso'	གསོའ
08:07	170807		L4713	rjur	su	?u	ུ	[?]u	ུ	[6]
08:08	170808					?‑ge	◌གེ	dge	དགེ
08:09		□	?
08:10		□	?
08:11	170809		L0724	njɨ	še	ni	ནི	ni	ནི
08:12	170810		L0930	dju	ạdra	v‑??	འ◌	'du'	འདུའ
08:13	170811
08:14	170812		L4713	rjur	gdu	g‑ru	གརུ	g.[?]u	ག​ུ
08:15	170813		L2763	ɣu	rmu	rgu	རྒུ	rgu	རྒུ
08:16	170814		L0433	bju	ạbru	v‑bu	འབུ	'bu	འབུ
08:17	170815		L0752	tśja	ba	cav	ཅའ	ca'	ཅའ
08:18	170816		L5771	tshwew	btsʽo	b‑tshiv	བཚིའ	btshi'	བཚིའ
08:19	170817		L5645	tjị	sde	sti	སྟི	sti	སྟི
08:20	170818		L0508	ŋwu	du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
08:21	170819		L4797	·jwɨr	dkʽid	d‑wir	དཝིར	d.wir	དཝིར
08:22	170820		L5993	kha	kʽra	khha	ཁྷ	kh+ha	ཁྷ
08:23	170821		L0015	ɣjɨ̣	rgi	rgi	རྒི	rgi	རྒི
08:24	170822		L3830	njij	še	ne	ནེ	ne	ནེ
09:01	170901	□	?		žaṅ	zh?v	ཞའ	zha'	ཞའ
09:02	170902	□	?		du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
09:03
09:04
09:05
09:06								d[?]	ད
09:07	170903	□	?		?	d‑wi	དཝི	d.wi	དཝི	[7]
09:08	170904	□	?		?			tha	ཐ	[8]
09:09	170905		L3183	wo	?			wo ?	ཝོ	[9]
09:10	170906		L5771	tshwew	btsʽo	b‑tshi	བཚི	btshi	བཚི
09:11	170907		L5645	tjị	ste	sti	སྟི	sti	སྟི
09:12	170908		L4024	zjɨ̣	bro	ziv	ཟིའ	zi'	ཟིའ
09:13	170909		L0089	tśhja̱	?	cha	ཆ	cha'	ཆའ
09:14	170910		L4481	śjɨ	šo	shi	ཤི	shi	ཤི
09:15	170911		L5285	ljɨ	si	li	ལི	li	ལི
09:16	170912		L4027	njɨ̱	gšo	g‑ni	གནི	gni	གནི
09:17	170913		L3735	tjị	sto	sti	སྟི	sti	སྟི
09:18	170914		L0009	śjwo	šo	sho	ཤོ	sho	ཤོ
09:19	170915		L5390	phie	či	phi	ཕི	phi	ཕི
09:20	170916		L5612	tshji̱j	tsʽe	tshe	ཚེ	tshe	ཚེ
09:21	170917		L0535	śjij	še	she	ཤེ	she	ཤེ
09:22	170918		L5612	tshji̱j	tsʽe	tshe	ཚེ	tshe	ཚེ
09:23	170919		L3583	tja	ta	ta	ཏ	ta	ཏ
09:24	170920		L4797	·jwɨr	dčʽid	d‑wir	དཝིར	d.wir	དཝིར
09:25	170921		L2612	phju	tso	phov	ཕོའ	pho'	ཕོའ
10:01	171001		L0998	dzji̱j	?			'[?]	འ
10:02	171002		L3756	twẹ	?			b[?]	བ
10:03	171003		L3756	twẹ	?			b[?]	བ
10:04	171004		L5981	·a	?
10:05	171005		L0837	lja̱	sda	lda	ལྡ	lda	ལྡ
10:06	171006		L0508	ŋwu	du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
10:07	171007		L1801	dzjij	ạdza	v‑dz?	འཛ	'dze	འཛེ
10:08	171008		L1045	dạ	dru	dha	དྷ	dha	དྷ
10:09	171009		L5354	thjɨ	tʽo	thi	ཐི	thi	ཐི
10:10	171010		L0290	sju	zu	zu	ཟུ	zu	ཟུ
10:11	171011		L0752	tśja	tsa	cav	ཅའ	ca'	ཅའ
10:12	171012		L5771	tshwew	ạtsʽo	b‑tshiv	བཚིའ	btshi'	བཚིའ
10:13	171013		L1906	nio̱w	gšu	g‑nu	གནུ	gnu	གནུ
10:14	171014		L5688	wa	kʽa	wa	ཝ	[?]
10:15	171015	□	?		dmo	d‑wo	དཝོ	d.wo	དཝོ	[10]
10:16	171016		L1101	·jij	g‑ye	g‑yi	གཡི	g.yie ?	གཡིེ	[11]
10:17	171017		L1278	·jɨ	g‑yi	g‑yi	གཡི	g.yi	གཡི
10:18	171018		L1542	ku	bku	b‑ku	བཀུ	bku	བཀུ
10:19	171019		L4625	mji̱j	bde	me	མེ	me	མེ
10:20	171020		L3195	gjwi	bgyi	b‑gyi	བགྱི	bgyi	བགྱི
10:21	171021		L5993	kha	kʽru	khha	ཁྷ	kh+ha	ཁྷ
10:22	171022		L5390	phie	či	phiv	ཕིའ	phi'	ཕིའ
10:23	171023		L5632	tshjɨ	tsʽe	tshe	ཚེ	tshe	ཚེ
10:24	171024		L2098	ŋa	?			d[?]'	ད◌འ
10:25	171025		L1278	·jɨ	g‑yi	g‑yi	གཡི	g.yi'	གཡིའ
11:01	171101		L5688	wa	kʽo	wa	ཝ	wa	ཝ
11:02	171102		L5390	phie	čo	phi	ཕི	phi	ཕི
11:03	171103		L5632	tshjɨ	tsʽe	tshe	ཚེ	tshe	ཚེ
11:04	171104		L4601	nja	ša	na	ན	na	ན	[12]
11:05	171105		L1278	·jɨ	g‑yi	g‑yi	གཡི	g.yi	གཡི
11:06	171106		L1542	ku	bku	v‑ku	འཀུ	bku	བཀུ
11:07	171107		L5865	sọ	gso	g‑sov	གསོའ	gso'	གསོའ
11:08	171108		L1290	tsew	tsa	tsa	ཙ	tsa	ཙ
11:09	171109		L3195	gjwi	bgo	b‑gyi	བགྱི	bgyi	བགྱི
11:10	171110		L1770	lhjwi	blti	b‑lhiv	བལྷིའ	b.lhi'	བལྷིའ
11:11	171111		L0015	ɣjɨ̣	rgo	rgi	རྒི	rgi	རྒི
11:12	171112		L3830	njij	še	ne	ནེ	ne	ནེ
11:13	171113		L5795	mjɨ	mu	mu	མུ	mu	མུ
11:14	171114		L2753	lhe̱w	sde	lhi	ལྷི	lhi	ལྷི
11:15	171115		L0092	mja	ma	ma	མ	ma	མ
11:16	171116		L1139	·jij	ye	ye	ཡེ	ye	ཡེ
11:17	171117		L0105	kjụ	rku	rkyu	རྐྱུ	rkyu	རྐྱུ
11:18	171118		L0535	śjij	še	she	ཤེ	she	ཤེ
11:19	171119		L3974	tshji̱	tsʽi	tshi	ཚི	tshi	ཚི
11:20	171120		L2098	ŋa	da	nga	ང	nga	ང
11:21	171121	□	?		g‑yi	g‑ye	གཡེ	g.yi	གཡི
11:22	171122				še	?‑ne	◌ནེ	ne	ནེ
11:23								[?]i	ི
11:24
12:01	171201		L5621	lhu	bsdus	b‑lhuv	བལྷུའ	b.lhu'	བལྷུའ
12:02	171202		L5040	kia̱	bkaṅ	b‑kar	བཀར	bkar	བཀར
12:03	171203		L1045	dạ	dra	dha	དྷ	dha	དྷ
12:04	171204		L3527	mja	ma	ma	མ	ma	མ
12:05	171205		L0508	ŋwu	du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
12:06	171206		L1278	·jɨ	g‑yi	g‑yi	གཡི	g.yi	གཡི
12:07	171207		L1542	ku	bku	b‑ku	བཀུ	bku	བཀུ
12:08	171208		L0100	lew	kli	kli	ཀླི	kli	ཀླི
12:09	171209		L1290	tsew	tsi	tsi	ཙི	tsi	ཙི
12:10	171210		L3195	gjwi	bgyi	b‑gyi	བགྱི	bgyi	བགྱི
12:11	171211		L5880	ŋwu	du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
12:12	171212		L3027	kụ	bkus	b‑kuv	བཀུའ	bku'	བཀུའ
12:13	171213		L2612	phju	čo	pho	ཕོ	pho	ཕོ
12:14	171214		L0998	dzji̱j	ạdze	v‑dze	འཛེ	'dze	འཛེ
12:15	171215		L3756	twẹ	btos	b‑tiv	བཏིའ	bti'	བཏིའ
12:16	171216		L3756	twẹ	ạdos	b‑tiv	བཏིའ	bti'	བཏིའ
12:17	171217		L5379	tśjɨ	gtsos	g‑civ	གཅིའ	gtsi'	གཙིའ
12:18	171218		L1278	·jɨ	g‑yi	g‑yi	གཡི	g.yi	གཡི
12:19	171219		L1319	tshji	tsʽi	tshi	ཚི	tshi	ཚི
12:20	171220		L4902	ŋwu̱	du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
12:21	171221	□	?		du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
12:22‍–25
13:01	171301		L5880	ŋwu	pe	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ
13:02	171302		L1332	de̱j	ạdre	v‑dhe	འདྷེ	'dhe	འདྷེ
13:03	171303		L2098	ŋa	da	nga	ང	nga	ང
13:04	171304		L1278	·jɨ	yi	?‑yi	?ཡི	g.yi	གཡི
13:05	171305		L0441	sjwɨ	bsu	b‑su	བསུ	bsu	བསུ
13:06	171306		L5447	do	dro	dho	དྷོ	dho	དྷོ
13:07	171307	□	?		?			[?]i	ི
13:08	171308		L4601	nja	?			na	ན
13:09	171309		L1278	·jɨ	ga	g‑??	ག◌	g.[?]	ག
13:10	171310		L1542	ku	bku	b‑ku	བཀུ	bku	བཀུ
13:11	171311		L0100	lew	klo	kli	ཀླི	kli	ཀླི
13:12	171312		L5932	mə	dmu	d‑mu	དམུ	dmu	དམུ
13:13	171313		L3574	tsjij	tse	tse	ཙེ	tse	ཙེ
13:14	171314		L3818	mjijr	dme	rme	རྨེ	rme	རྨེ
13:15	171315		L1278	·jɨ	yi	yi	ཡི	yi	ཡི
13:16	171316		L5981	·a	la	·a	ཨ	a	ཨ
13:17	171317		L3195	gjwi	bgye	b‑gyi	བགྱི	bgyi	བགྱི
13:18	171318		L5612	tshji̱j	čʽo	tshe	ཚེ	tshe	ཚེ
13:19	171319		L5354	thjɨ	tʽe	thi	ཐི	thi	ཐི
13:20	171320		L3183	wo	kʽo	wo	ཝོ	wo	ཝོ
13:21	171321		L5612	tshji̱j	tsʽe	tshe	ཚེ	tshe	ཚེ
13:22	171322	□	?		še	she	ཤེ	she	ཤེ
13:23					dam ?			[?]
13:24–25
14:01
14:02
14:03
14:04								[?]dz[?]	ཛ
14:05								tshe	ཚེ
14:06
14:07								'[?]e	འ​ེ
14:08
14:09		□	?
14:10	171401		L3583	tja	ta	ta	ཏ	ta	ཏ
14:11	171402		L0100	lew	klo	kli	ཀླི	kli	ཀླི
14:12	171403	□	?		du	ngu	ངུ	ngu	ངུ	[13]
14:13	171404		L5414	rejr	de	rev	རེའ	re'	རེའ
14:14	171405		L2541	dzjwo	ạdžo	b‑dzo	བཛོ	bdzo	བཛོ
14:15	171406		L1139	·jij	dpe	ye	ཡེ	ye	ཡེ
14:16	171407		L1918	mji	dmi	d‑mi	དམི	dmi	དམི
14:17	171408		L1332	de̱j	ạdre	v‑dhev	འདྷེའ	'dhe'	འདྷེའ
14:18	171409		L5113	wji	dtsʽo	d‑wi	དཝི	d.wi	དཝི
14:19	171410		L2484	nio̱w	ša			nu	ནུ
14:20	171411		L0322	tśhjwo	?			[?]o	ོ
14:21		□	?
14:22–25
15:01–09
15:10					pa			[?]u	ུ
15:11	171501				sde	ldi	ལྡི	ldi	ལྡི
15:12	171502				?	mi	མི	mi	མི
15:13	171503				ạdža	?‑zav	◌ཟའ	'ja'	འཇའ
15:14	171504				ča	phav	ཕའ	pha'	ཕའ
15:15	171505				tse	tsi	ཙི	tsi	ཙི
15:16	171506				kʽo	wo	ཝོ	wo	ཝོ
15:17	171507				ạdus	v‑duv	འདུའ	'du'	འདུའ
15:18	171508				tʽe	che	ཆེ	the	ཐེ
15:19	171509				bsu	b‑su	བསུ	bsu	བསུ
15:20	171510				li	?iv	ིའ	li'	ལིའ
15:21–25

Notes

1. Only the left edge of the Tangut text survives for the first line, but not enough to identify the characters with certainty.
2. Tai Chung Pui reads the Tangut character as L0762 "wheel", whereas I read it as L3852 "to go".
3. Tai Chung Pui reads the Tibetan gloss as dghe དགྷེ, but the subscript letter is more curved than the subscript letter h elsewhere in this particular manuscript, and it is identical to the subscript letter discussed in Note 5 which cannot plausibly be a subscript h. I therefore tentatively read it as a subscript letter y with a u vowel (i.e. dgyue དགྱེུ). Cf. Note 5.
4. The final letter 'a of the Tibetan gloss is oddly separate from the initial g.yi, as if it does not belong to the gloss.
5. Tai Chung Pui transcribes the Tibetan gloss as dkye (i.e. དཀྱེ), but writes the Tibetan as དཀྱེུ (i.e. dkyue). I concur with the latter interpretation that the h-shaped letter is a subscript letter y with a u vowel. Cf. Note 3.
6. The expected reading for the Tibetan gloss is ru, but the actual gloss looks more like lu, although it is not possible to be certain due to manuscript damage at this point.
7. The Tangut character is damaged, but should be identifiable; however I have not been able to do so. The manuscript is torn at this point, and I think that dwi on the other side of the tear is the corresponding Tibetan gloss, but it may actually be the gloss below (i.e. tha).
8. The Tangut character is damaged, but should be identifiable; however I have not been able to do so. The manuscript is torn at this point, and I think that tha on the other side of the tear is the corresponding Tibetan gloss, but it may actually be the lost gloss below tha.
9. The Tibetan gloss is damaged and uncertain, but based on the Tangut reading I suspect that it is wo.
10. The Tangut character is clear and legible, but I cannot identify it as written, and Tai Chung Pui does not provide an identification either.
11. The Tibetan gloss has both an i and an e vowel sign, which is probably a mistake caused by the scribe first writing g.ye or g.yi, and then correcting it to g.yi or g.ye.
12. Tai Chung Pui reads the Tangut character as L4602 "eight".
13. The Tangut character is damaged, but should be identifiable; however I have not been able to do so.

References

• LFW2008. Li Fanwen 李范文, Tangut-Chinese Dictionary 夏汉字典. Beijing, 2008.
• Stein1928. Aurel Stein, Innermost Asia. Oxford, 1928. See Vol.3 plate CXXXIV. The overlaid transcription of the Tibetan phonetic glosses is the work of Berthold Laufer (1874–1934).
• TCP2008. Tai Chung Pui 戴忠沛, A Study of Tibetan Phonological Transcription in Tangut Buddhism Fragments 西夏文佛经残片的藏文对音研究. PhD dissertation, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中国社会科学院), May 2008. See §2.3.14 残片17.

Published: 2011-12-11. Last modified: 2011-12-24.

Tangut Manuscripts with Tibetan Phonetic Glosses

BabelStone Home Page