Jurchen Berlin, Jurchen Beijing, Jurchen Toyo Bunko, and Jurchen Tianyige are four Jurchen fonts with glyphs scanned from the Jurchen section of four copies of the Ming dynasty Huáyí Yìyǔ 華夷譯語 "Sino-Foreign Vocabulary" (i.e. the Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary). Jurchen Berlin is derived from the manuscript copy held at the Berlin State Library (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin) (pressmark Libri sin. Hirth Ms. 1); Jurchen Beijing is derived from the manuscript copy held at the National Library of China in Beijing (pressmark 10507); Jurchen Toyo Bunko is derived from the manuscript copy held at the Tōyō Bunko (東洋文庫) in Tokyo (presssmark XI-5-2); and Jurchen Tianyige is derived from the Ming dynasty woodblock printed edition held at the Tiānyīgé 天一閣 library in Níngbō (pressmark 善0376). The characters are mapped non-contiguously to the PUA at E000..E6FA (matching the code points in my private Jurchen font).
The table below gives an overview of the contents of each of the four known extant copies of the Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary. The main vocabulary section consists of 759 entries (usually four entries per page) under seventeen classified headings. Only the Berlin and Tiānyīgé copies have the main part, but the Tiānyīgé copy is missing the first of its three fascicles and the penultimate folio of the third fascicle. The Berlin copy also has 62 entries under 續添 "Supplement" and 50 entries under 新增 "New Additions". The Tiānyīgé copy has the 62 supplementary characters (minus eight on a lost folio), but carrrying on directly from the last section of the main part, without a separate heading. The Tōyō Bunko and Běijīng copies only have entries for supplementary vocabulary: the Běijīng copy has 50 entries under 新增 "New Additions"; and the Tōyō Bunko copy has 158 entries under 新增 "New Additions", including 46 entries not found in any of the other copies.
| Section | Entries | Berlin | Tiānyīgé | Tōyō Bunko | Běijīng |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 天文門 | 1–30 | 1–30 | |||
| 地理門 | 31–72 | 31–72 | |||
| 時令門 | 73–103 | 73–103 | |||
| 花木門 | 104–134 | 104–134 | |||
| 鳥獸門 | 135–193 | 135–193 | |||
| 宮室門 | 194–215 | 194–215 | |||
| 器用門 | 216–271 | 216–271 | |||
| 人物門 | 272–339 | 272–339 | 272–339 | ||
| 人事門 | 340–489 | 340–489 | 340–489 | ||
| 身體門 | 490–519 | 490–519 | 490–519 | ||
| 飲食門 | 520–541 | 520–541 | 520–541 | ||
| 衣服門 | 542–567 | 542–567 | 542–567 | ||
| 珍寶門 | 568–589 | 568–589 | 568–589 | ||
| 方隅門 | 590–615 | 590–615 | 590–615 | ||
| 聲色門 | 616–635 | 616–635 | 616–635 | ||
| 數目門 | 636–665 | 636–665 | 636–665 | ||
| 通用門 | 666–759 | 666–759 | 666–759 | ||
| 續添 / 新增 | 760–821 | 760–821 | 760–811 820–821 | 760–821 | |
| 822–871 | 822–871 | 822–871 | 822–871 | ||
| 872–917 | 872–917 |
In addition to the vocabulary section, the Berlin and Tōyō Bunko copies also include a number of bilingual versions of petitions (láiwén 來文) purportedly presented to the Ming court (20 petitions in the Berlin copy, and 29 petitions in the Tōyō Bunko copy). These are summarized in the table below, where the number under the 'Berlin' and 'Tōyō Bunko' columns is the sequential order of the petition in that copy, and the 'Date' column gives any date or dates mentioned in the petition text (not necessarily the date of composition).
| Berlin | Tōyō Bunko | Date |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 天順三年 (1459) | |
| 2 | 正德十三年 (1518) | |
| 3 | 天順五年 (1461) | |
| 4 | ||
| 5 | 嘉靖五年 (1526) | |
| 6 | 弘治十七年 (1504) | |
| 7 | 天順五年 (1461) | |
| 8 | ||
| 9 | 正德十五年 (1520) | |
| 10 | 正統年間 (1436–1449) | |
| 11 | 1 | 成化十四年 (1478) |
| 12 | 3 | 成化十四年 (1478) |
| 13 | 4 | 天順七年 (1463) |
| 14 | 7 | 天順七年 (1463) |
| 15 | 6 | |
| 16 | 8 | 成化十年 (1474) 正德八年 (1513) |
| 17 | 10 | 成化十四年 (1478) |
| 18 | 12 | 成化二十二年 (1486) |
| 19 | 13 | 成化年間 (1465–1487) |
| 20 | 14 | 景泰六年 (1455) |
| 2 | ||
| 5 | 正德八年 (1513) | |
| 9 | 正德八年 (1513) | |
| 11 | 永樂十二年 (1414) | |
| 15 | 天順七年 (1463) | |
| 16 | 成化二十一年 (1485) | |
| 17 | 成化十五年 (1479) | |
| 18 | 成化十五年 (1479) | |
| 19 | 正統十年 (1445) | |
| 20 | 成化十三年 (1477) | |
| 21 | 天順七年 (1463) | |
| 22 | 成化十五年 (1479) | |
| 23 | 成化十五年 (1479) | |
| 24 | 天順六年 (1462) | |
| 25 | 成化八年 (1472) | |
| 26 | 成化十五年 (1479) | |
| 27 | 永樂十六年 (1418) | |
| 28 | ||
| 29 | 成化十年 (1474) |
Digital editions of the Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary and Sino-Jurchen petitions using Unicode-mapped versions of these fonts will be made available once Jurchen has been included to the Unicode Standard.
These Jurchen scanfonts are free to use for personal or commercial purposes, and you are also free to redistribute them by themself or as part of a free or commercial software package, just as long as you do not sell the fonts on its own.
For use on your computer or mobile device please download and install the TTF files by clicking on the font name below. The WOFF and WOFF2 files are for web hosting use only, and are not required by most users.